Module 6: Policy and Regulation Supporting Informatics and Technology Integration (Week 11)

Assignment: Policy/Regulation Fact Sheet

As a professional nurse, you are expected to apply your expertise to patient care. On occasion, you will also be expected to share that expertise.

With evolving technology and continuous changes to regulations designed to keep up these changes, there is usually a need to share information and expertise to inform colleagues, leadership, patients, and other stakeholders.

In this Assignment, you will study a recent nursing informatics-related healthcare policy, and you will share the relevant details via a fact sheet designed to inform and educate.

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To Prepare:

Review the Resources on healthcare policy and regulatory/legislative topics related to health and nursing informatics.
Consider the role of the nurse informaticist in relation to a healthcare organization’s compliance with various policies and regulations, such as the Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act (MACRA).
Research and select one health or nursing informatics policy (within the past 5 years) or regulation for further study.

The Assignment: (1 page not including the title and reference page)

Create a 1-page fact sheet that your healthcare organization could hypothetically use to explain the health or nursing informatics policy/regulation you selected. Your fact sheet should address the following:

Briefly and generally explain the policy or regulation you selected.
Address the impact of the policy or regulation you selected on system implementation.
Address the impact of the policy or regulation you selected on clinical care, patient/provider interactions, and workflow.
Highlight organizational policies and procedures that are/will be in place at your healthcare organization to address the policy or regulation you selected. Be specific.
Use APA format and include a title page, in-text citations, and reference page.
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Assignment: Policy/Regulation Fact Sheet
NURS - 6051N Transforming Nursing and Healthcare through Technology
May 15, 2021

21st Century Cures Act
The 21st Century Cures Act was enacted by the 114th US Congress in 2016 (Gabay, 2017). It aimed to accelerate the discovery, development, and delivery of healthcare by allocating $6.3 billion in funding for relevant institutions. It covers many aspects of healthcare, including but not limited to medical research, medical software, electronic health record information, informed consent, etc (Health IT Legislation, 2018). The idea was to modernize and personalize healthcare by encouraging innovation, research, and information systems (Brindley et al, 2015). It promotes highly secure access, and use of information (21st Century Cures Act, 2021).
The rule includes a provision according to which the patients can have online access to their electronic health records. The information can be either structured or unstructured, but it should be costless for patients. As a result, healthcare providers need to standardize their systems and make relevant changes in system implementation to meet the new regulations. While in the past hospital systems were mostly for internal use, now they should be adapted to meet the needs of external users, such as patients.
Due to increased information sharing, patient/provider interactions become more structured and transparent (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2017). The workflows also become more organized because the patients have an adequate amount of information that is available at any time. Considering that the Cures Act accelerates medical product development, clinical care has a big potential to improve in the upcoming years, while currently, these improvements are not highly visible yet.
The organization has a procedure of preparing electronic health records and providing patients with a specific login and password to access their information. It has the structures and systems in place to adapt the Cures Act. In addition, the organization allocates 8% of its yearly budget on innovation, which also corresponds to the requirements of the Act.

Reference List
Brindley, D. A., Arshad, Z., Luo, D., Dopson, S., Hollander, G., Frost, S., Bountra, C., &
Smith, J. A. (2015). 21(st) Century Cures Act: An Act of Cure or Diagnosis?. Rejuvenation research, 18(4), 295–298. https://doi.org/10.1089/rej.2015.1757
Gabay M. (2017). 21st Century Cures Act. Hospital pharmacy, 52(4), 264–265.
https://doi.org/10.1310/hpj5204-264
HealthIT.gov (2018). Health IT legislation. Retrieved from
https://www.healthit.gov/topic/laws-regulation-and-policy/health-it-legislation
McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. G. (2017). Nursing informatics and the foundation of
knowledge (4th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
21st Century Cures Act (2021). https://www.healthit.gov/curesrule/

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NURS 6051 Module 5 Portfolio Assignment

Discussion: The Inclusion of Nurses in the Systems Development Life Cycle

In the media introduction to this module, it was suggested that you as a nurse have an important role in the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC). With a focus on patient care and outcomes, nurses may not always see themselves as contributors to the development of new systems. However, as you may have observed in your own experience, exclusion of nurse contributions when implementing systems can have dire consequences.

In this Discussion, you will consider the role you might play in systems development and the ramifications of not being an active participant in systems development.

To Prepare:

Review the steps of the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) as presented in the Resources.
Reflect on your own healthcare organization and consider any steps your healthcare organization goes through when purchasing and implementing a new health information technology system.
Consider what a nurse might contribute to decisions made at each stage of the SDLC when planning for new health information technology.

By Day 3 of Week 9

Post a description of what you believe to be the consequences of a healthcare organization not involving nurses in each stage of the SDLC when purchasing and implementing a new health information technology system. Provide specific examples of potential issues at each stage of the SDLC and explain how the inclusion of nurses may help address these issues. Then, explain whether you had any input in the selection and planning of new health information technology systems in your nursing practice or healthcare organization and explain potential impacts of being included or not in the decision-making process. Be specific and provide examples.

By Day 6 of Week 9

Respond to at least two of your colleagues* on two different days, by offering additional thoughts regarding the examples shared, SDLC-related issues, and ideas on how the inclusion of nurses might have impacted the example described by your colleagues.

*Note: Throughout this program, your fellow students are referred to as colleagues.

Submission and Grading Information

Grading Criteria

To access your rubric:

Week 9 Discussion Rubric

Post by Day 3 and Respond by Day 6 of Week 9

To participate in this Discussion:

Week 9 Discussion

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Portfolio Assignment: The Role of the Nurse Informaticist in Systems Development and Implementation

Assume you are a nurse manager on a unit where a new nursing documentation system is to be implemented. You want to ensure that the system will be usable and acceptable for the nurses impacted. You realize a nurse leader must be on the implementation team.

To Prepare:

Review the steps of the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) and reflect on the scenario presented.
Consider the benefits and challenges associated with involving a nurse leader on an implementation team for health information technology.

The Assignment: (2-3 pages not including the title and reference page)

In preparation of filling this role, develop a 2- to 3-page role description for a graduate-level nurse to guide his/her participation on the implementation team. The role description should be based on the SDLC stages and tasks and should clearly define how this individual will participate in and impact each of the following steps:

Planning and requirements definition
Analysis
Design of the new system
Implementation
Post-implementation support
Use APA format and include a title page and reference page.
Use the Safe Assign Drafts to check your match percentage before submitting your work.

By Day 7 of Week 10

Submit your completed Role Description.

Submission and Grading Information

To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following:

Please save your Assignment using the naming convention “WK10Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name.
Click the Week 10 Assignment Rubric to review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment.
Click the Week 10 Assignment link. You will also be able to “View Rubric” for grading criteria from this area.
Next, from the Attach File area, click on the Browse My Computer button. Find the document you saved as “WK10Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click Open.
If applicable: From the Plagiarism Tools area, click the checkbox for I agree to submit my paper(s) to the Global Reference Database.
Click on the Submit button to complete your submission.

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Module 5: The Nurse Leader and the System Development Life Cycle (Weeks 9-10)

Introduction

Wearable devices have gradually become more common. The Healthcare system is very overloaded, requiring more human resources to be involved in processes. Healthcare costs are also rising because of limited resources. To make patient care more effective, there should be increased involvement and education of patients. One way of patient involvement in the use of wearable devices. This paper provides four peer-reviewed articles related to wearable devices with regards to their ability to increase efficiency and improve patient outcomes.

Annotated Bibliography

Filippo Piccinini, Giovanni Martinelli, & Antonella Carbonaro. (2020). Accuracy of Mobile
Applications versus Wearable Devices in Long-Term Step Measurements. Sensors, 20(6293), 6293. https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.3390/s20216293
Piccinni, Martinelli, and Carbonaro (2020) note that fitness sensors and health systems are technologies that lead healthcare to a high quality of medical care. The market offers a wide range of wearable devices and health trackers, each having benefits and drawbacks. In their research, the authors mimicked a user interested in the installation of a fitness tracking application. Six phone-based fitness tracking applications and three wearable fitness trackers are tested. The authors evaluate each application based on tracker accuracy and precision. For measuring accuracy, three operates wore the device and walked approximately 1200 steps. Both fitness wristbands and smartphone-based apps resulted in the same number of steps, except only one smartphone-based application. For estimating precision, a 60-day experiment was conducted. The result was that steps recorded by phone-based apps were less precise compared to fitness wristbands. The logical lesson learned from this article is that wristbands are more effective and precise compared to smartphone applications, which means that patients should be recommended to use wristbands. Smartphone apps are unreliable because people do not take their smartphones every place they go, thus missing data. At the same time, the authors highlight many problems related to wearable devices, such as design, water resistance, and comfort. For instance, when swimming or working in the garden, the device can absorb water and break down. To ensure maximum efficiency, it is required to make sure that the devices are comfortable and durable for patients.

Huang, P.-C., Lin, C.-C., Wang, Y.-H., & Hsieh, H.-J. (2019). Development of Health

Care System Based on Wearable Devices. 2019 Prognostics and System Health Management Conference (PHM-Paris), Prognostics and System Health Management Conference (PHM-Paris), 2019, PHM-PARIS, 249–252. https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.1109/PHM-Paris.2019.00049
The population is now aging, which increases the need for healthcare services in all countries. For decreasing the burden on the healthcare system, costs as well as to improve the care quality, the healthcare providers consider technology as a solution. Huang et al (2019) note that wearable devices and care notification systems are one of the most promising technological trends in healthcare. These devices can include but are not limited to smart clothing, watches, and body devices. The experiment of this article was conducted in a long-term elderly care institution in Taiwan. The organization involves two segments of customers. The first group has a chronic disease, such as high blood sugar or blood pressure. The other group is patients diagnosed with dementia. The number of steps per day and sleep efficiency are collected for the experiment. The data provides the frequency, most frequent times, and locations of abnormal events. For example, the majority of abnormal events happen between 8AM and 10AM. The implication is that wearable devices can help to be informed about the abnormal event and address the event immediately. Without these wearable devices, a patient can experience a problem and the nurse may not be there to assist. Thus, wearable devices enable healthcare providers to continuously track patient health factors and receive notifications in case of an abnormal event. This system enables a decrease in errors as well as improvement in patient outcomes.

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Simblett, S. K., Biondi, A., Bruno, E., Ballard, D., Stoneman, A., Lees, S., Richardson, M. P., &

Wykes, T. (2020). Patients’ experience of wearing multimodal sensor devices intended to detect epileptic seizures: A qualitative analysis. Epilepsy & Behavior, 102. https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.106717
Patients with epilepsy have frequent seizures, the detection of which is very needed. The authors note that while previous studies collected data on hypothetical devices, very few examined the experience of wearing actual devices. This research assessed first-hand experiences of patients with epilepsy, as the authors aimed to understand the accessibility and easiness of using devices. The research participants were asked to wear biosensor devices that detect seizures. After a certain time, 21 participants participated n semi-structured interviews about their experiences. The interviews generated important insights, such as they considered wearing the device as convenient and not disturbing. However, some of them experienced a problem with the big size and need for support. The use of devices depends on patients’ perceived accuracy. Overall, using devices to detect seizures is quite effective and allows staff members to have a proactive response when a seizure occurs. Also, these devices can be used in the homes of patients, thus making processes more effective. For example, early detection of seizure will enable a family owner to have more time on deciding how to react.
Vesnic-Alujevic, L., Breitegger, M. & Guimarães Pereira, Â. ‘Do-It-Yourself’

Healthcare? Quality of Health and Healthcare Through Wearable Sensors. Sci Eng Ethics. 24, 887–904 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-016-9771-4

Vesnic-Alujevic, Breitegger, and Guimarães Pereira (2018) discuss information technologies and their likelihood of improving quality and efficiency of care. The focus of the journal article is on wearable sensors, which have become a part of the new telemedicine concept. Wearable sensors can support improving patient care outcomes in diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of patients, as it transforms the roles of healthcare provides and patients. The article begins with a literature review of wearable sensors, having a particular concentration on technologies and healthcare policies. It then discusses self-tracking issues, particularly related to quality. While self-tracking allows to systematically record and analyze health information, there is still a lot of room for improvement to increase the quality of wearable devices. To examine quality issues, the authors discuss knowledge assessment of online communities called Fitbit and Quantified Self forums. The users wear self-tracking devices and in these communities, they discuss issues related to their devices, including both technical and non-technical problems. In general, wearable sensors turn out to be very attractive for users, as they enjoy the “do-it-yourself” concept at the same time saving on healthcare expenses. Policymakers and other stakeholders also aim to support the usage of self-regulated devices, because they also consider that the cost and burden of healthcare can decrease only when patients have more involvement in their care. One of the major lessons learned is that along with the provision of wearable devices, healthcare providers should create an environment in which people can engage in the discussion of issues. The patients are open to self-regulating opportunities, however, they will need regular support to maximize the effectiveness of wearable devices. For example, there can be an integral forum for all patients to report on problems and receive assistance.

Conclusion

All four articles consider wearable devices as a viable solution to meeting healthcare needs. They can help to track and monitor patient health both in hospitals and outside of hospitals, thus sending notifications to patient care providers or family members. One of the outcomes will be improved care quality because of early detection and intervention. In addition, healthcare providers can become more efficient due to remote monitoring. The major lesson learned from all articles is that the devices should still be developed and adjusted to patient needs. The devices need to be small, water resistant and convenient.

References
Filippo Piccinini, Giovanni Martinelli, & Antonella Carbonaro. (2020). Accuracy of Mobile
Applications versus Wearable Devices in Long-Term Step Measurements. Sensors, 20(6293), 6293. https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.3390/s20216293
Huang, P.-C., Lin, C.-C., Wang, Y.-H., & Hsieh, H.-J. (2019). Development of Health
Care System Based on Wearable Devices. 2019 Prognostics and System Health Management Conference (PHM-Paris), Prognostics and System Health Management Conference (PHM-Paris), 2019, PHM-PARIS, 249–252. https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.1109/PHM-Paris.2019.00049
Simblett, S. K., Biondi, A., Bruno, E., Ballard, D., Stoneman, A., Lees, S., Richardson, M. P., &
Wykes, T. (2020). Patients’ experience of wearing multimodal sensor devices intended to detect epileptic seizures: A qualitative analysis. Epilepsy & Behavior, 102. https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.106717
Vesnic-Alujevic, L., Breitegger, M. & Guimarães Pereira, Â. ‘Do-It-Yourself’
Healthcare? Quality of Health and Healthcare Through Wearable Sensors. Sci Eng Ethics. 24, 887–904 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-016-9771-4

NURS 5051/NURS 6051: Transforming Nursing and Healthcare Through Technology

Learning Objectives

Students will:

Evaluate healthcare technology trends for data and information in nursing practice and healthcare delivery
Analyze challenges and risks inherent in healthcare technology
Analyze healthcare technology benefits and risks for data safety, legislation, and patient care
Evaluate healthcare technology impact on patient outcomes, efficiencies, and data management
Analyze research on the application of clinical systems to improve outcomes and efficiencies

Due By	Assignment
Week 6, Days 1–2	Read/Watch/Listen to the Learning Resources. Compose your initial Discussion post.
Week 6, Day 3	Post your initial Discussion post. Begin to compose your Assignment.
Week 6, Days 4-5	Review peer Discussion posts. Compose your peer Discussion responses. Continue to compose your Assignment.
Week 6, Day 6	Post at least two peer Discussion responses on two different days (and not the same day as the initial post).
Week 6, Day 7	Wrap up Discussion.
Week 7, Days 1-7	Continue to compose your Assignment.
Week 8, Days 1-6	Continue to compose your Assignment.
Week 8, Day 7	Deadline to submit your Assignment.

Learning Resources

Required Readings

McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. G. (2017). Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge (4th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Chapter 14, “The Electronic Health Record and Clinical Informatics” (pp. 267–287)
Chapter 15, “Informatics Tools to Promote Patient Safety and Quality Outcomes” (pp. 293–317)
Chapter 16, “Patient Engagement and Connected Health” (pp. 323–338)
Chapter 17, “Using Informatics to Promote Community/Population Health” (pp. 341–355)
Chapter 18, “Telenursing and Remote Access Telehealth” (pp. 359–388)

Dykes, P. C., Rozenblum, R., Dalal, A., Massaro, A., Chang, F., Clements, M., Collins, S. …Bates, D. W. (2017). Prospective evaluation of a multifaceted intervention to improve outcomes in intensive care: The Promoting Respect and Ongoing Safety Through Patient Engagement Communication and Technology Study. Critical Care Medicine, 45(8), e806–e813. doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000002449

HealthIT.gov. (2018c). What is an electronic health record (EHR)? Retrieved from

https://www.healthit.gov/faq/what-electronic-health-record-ehr

Rao-Gupta, S., Kruger, D. Leak, L. D., Tieman, L. A., & Manworren, R. C. B. (2018). Leveraging interactive patient care technology to Improve pain management engagement. Pain Management Nursing, 19(3), 212–221.

Skiba, D. (2017). Evaluation tools to appraise social media and mobile applications. Informatics, 4(3), 32–40.

Discussion: Healthcare Information Technology Trends

Throughout history, technological advancements have appeared for one purpose before finding applications elsewhere that lead to spikes in its usage and development. The internet, for example, was originally developed to share research before becoming a staple of work and entertainment. But technology—new and repurposed—will undoubtedly continue to be a driver of healthcare information. Informaticists often stay tuned to trends to monitor what the next new technology will be or how the next new idea for applying existing technology can benefit outcomes.

In this Discussion, you will reflect on your healthcare organization’s use of technology and offer a technology trend you observe in your environment.

To Prepare:

Reflect on the Resources related to digital information tools and technologies.
Consider your healthcare organization’s use of healthcare technologies to manage and distribute information.
Reflect on current and potential future trends, such as use of social media and mobile applications/telehealth, Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled asset tracking, or expert systems/artificial intelligence, and how they may impact nursing practice and healthcare delivery.

By Day 3 of Week 6

Post a brief description of general healthcare technology trends, particularly related to data/information you have observed in use in your healthcare organization or nursing practice. Describe any potential challenges or risks that may be inherent in the technologies associated with these trends you described. Then, describe at least one potential benefit and one potential risk associated with data safety, legislation, and patient care for the technologies you described. Next, explain which healthcare technology trends you believe are most promising for impacting healthcare technology in nursing practice and explain why. Describe whether this promise will contribute to improvements in patient care outcomes, efficiencies, or data management. Be specific and provide examples.

Assignment: Literature Review: The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies

New technology—and the application of existing technology—only appears in healthcare settings after careful and significant research. The stakes are high, and new clinical systems need to offer evidence of positive impact on outcomes or efficiencies.

Nurse informaticists and healthcare leaders formulate clinical system strategies. As these strategies are often based on technology trends, informaticists and others have then benefited from consulting existing research to inform their thinking.

In this Assignment, you will review existing research focused on the application of clinical systems. After reviewing, you will summarize your findings.

To Prepare:

Review the Resources and reflect on the impact of clinical systems on outcomes and efficiencies within the context of nursing practice and healthcare delivery.
Conduct a search for recent (within the last 5 years) research focused on the application of clinical systems. The research should provide evidence to support the use of one type of clinical system to improve outcomes and/or efficiencies, such as “the use of personal health records or portals to support patients newly diagnosed with diabetes.”
Identify and select 4 peer-reviewed research articles from your research.
For information about annotated bibliographies, visit https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/annotatedbibliographies

The Assignment: (4-5 pages not including the title and reference page)

In a 4- to 5-page paper, synthesize the peer-reviewed research you reviewed. Format your Assignment as an Annotated Bibliography. Be sure to address the following:

Identify the 4 peer-reviewed research articles you reviewed, citing each in APA format.
Include an introduction explaining the purpose of the paper.
Summarize each study, explaining the improvement to outcomes, efficiencies, and lessons learned from the application of the clinical system each peer-reviewed article described. Be specific and provide examples.
In your conclusion, synthesize the findings from the 4 peer-reviewed research articles.
Use APA format and include a title page.
Use the Safe Assign Drafts to check your match percentage before submitting your work.

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Sample Paper

The Impact of Nursing Informatics on Patient Outcomes and Patient Care Efficiencies

Nursing informatics integrates nursing science with information and analytical sciences. It identifies, defines, and manages data, information, knowledge, and wisdom in nursing practice (Sipes, 2016). Due to nursing informatics projects, the stakeholders like nurses, patients, and healthcare leaders make more informed decisions. Given that the decisions are based on data, there is more chance of making positive changes in healthcare settings (Pastorino et al, 2019).

Nursing Informatics Project

The project proposal is aimed at improving patient outcomes and patient care efficiencies. It addresses one of the major concerns in healthcare, which includes nursing fatigue, stress, and depression. The project will have two components. The first component will include the distribution of tablet or mobile devices to nurses. The nurses will have the mobile devices with them during the whole working day. The tablet and mobile devices will have a built-in application. This application can also be downloaded on nurses’ own mobile devices if the devices will technically support the applications’ capabilities.
The application will send regular notifications to nurses. Every two hours they will receive questions which they will need to answer either by short phrases, a multiple-choice question, or use a grade scale. The first question will ask the nurse to write what they are doing at the moment. Nurses will also answer a couple of multiple questions on how they are feeling at the moment, whether they feel stressed, tired or depressed. Question examples include: “Do you feel you are overwhelmed with your activities?”, “Are you happy doing the job you have done today? and “Did you experience an unpleasant patient interaction today?”. With every notification, the nurses will receive different sets of questions. It will take less than five minutes to answer these questions. The answers of nurses will be anonymous and at a later period, it will be impossible to understand which nurses gave which answers.
The second component of this project is data aggregation and analysis. The answers of nurses will be collected in the nurse informatics’ database, which will then be ready for analysis. The nursing informaticists will review the data, analyze and integrate it with the existing patient data. The data will be analyzed after one month to examine how nurses work and feel. It will be possible to understand in which days, times, and circumstances the nurses feel unhappy. This data will also be analyzed in the context of general hospital statistics. As a result, it will be possible to understand what makes nurses experience different emotions. Also, it will show at what times of date what nurses are doing. It will be possible to assess task load data for each nurse specialty. The nurse leader will then access the aggregated analysis and derive conclusions on how to improve nurses’ jobs. There can be both HR-related and job-related solutions. Some solutions may include hiring more staff, doing training for nurses, reorganizing shifts of nurses, etc. In any case, the nurse leader will be able to access highly valuable data on employee satisfaction, which can create an opportunity to increase patient outcome quality.

Stakeholders

Nurses will be the major stakeholders involved in this process. They will be using the application and answer the questions. The overall project will aim to improve the experiences of nurses at the hospital. Nursing informaticists and data specialists will be other primary stakeholder because they will be possessing the data. It will be their job to analyze the data and provide conclusions. Even if there is a lot of data collected, it will be useless if nursing informatics and data specialists do not derive valuable conclusions from this data. The data should become a piece of information and then knowledge. This knowledge will be used by nurse leaders to become a pearl of wisdom. Thus, the nurse leader is the third important stakeholder who will be making the conclusions and making the final changes.
Finally, patients will be very important stakeholders. All of the activities in the hospital are aimed at improving patient outcomes and make care more efficient. Nurses’ satisfaction has a direct influence on patient satisfaction and the quality of care provided. Only by making patients happy, the organization can continue growing and expanding, which makes patients so important for healthcare organizations.

Patient Outcomes and Patient Care Efficiencies

The performance of nurses has a direct impact on patient outcomes. According to Yakusheva et al (2019), the term called individual productivity is generally used in economics and relates to the quality of an outcome associated with a care process of an individual employee. The aggregated productivities of employees lead to the overall productivity of the hospital. Thus, the explanation of Yakusheva et al (2019) leads to the understanding that the performance of each employee is very important and has a direct impact on the overall performance of the hospital. Considering the direct relationship between patients and nurses, it is critical to keep nurses satisfied and productive.
Smooth and interactive relationship between nurses and patients reduces the days of hospital stay and improves the quality and satisfaction of both the nurse and the patient (Molina-Mula & Gallo-Estrada, 2020). The quality of nursing care will lead to better patient outcomes. Additionally, the analytics of nurses’ answers will allow the nurse lead to making changes in nurses’ work shifts and loads. Patient care will also become more efficient. For example, the nurse leader may see that in the emergency unit all nurses are very unhappy and they even do not have time to respond to applications’ notifications. In that case, the nurse leader will have to come up with solutions on how to involve more nurses in the emergency unit.

Technology

The project will require both hardware and software inputs. The hardware will include tablets and mobile phones distributed to nurses. Nurses can use their cell phones as well, if their technologies support the nursing application.
The project will mostly be based on software that will be regularly sending notifications to the nurses. This software application will be developed by hiring an outsourcing company or individuals that will try to develop the application based on project goals. It will be critical to be in close contact with the outsourcing company to make sure the application is developed necessarily.

Project Team Roles

Mosier, Roberts and Englebright (2019) mention that nursing leadership can play an essential role in the development of nursing informatics solutions, as they can contribute by their broad understanding and oversight of nursing care. Thus, nurse leaders will have a central role in developing, running, and evaluating the application. The nurse leader will have a supporting team of nurses who can work on developing the questions of the software. The nurse leader will also work with data specialists and nursing informaticists to make sure that useful and valid data is generated. The data should be structured and accurate enough to be able to have useful insights.
The project team will also involve technical professionals who will be developing the software and connect with the hardware. Additionally, for purchasing the hardware there should be a procurement specialty in the team.

References

Molina-Mula, J., & Gallo-Estrada, J. (2020). Impact of Nurse-Patient Relationship on
Quality of Care and Patient Autonomy in Decision-Making. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(3), 835. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030835
Mosier, S. , Roberts, W. D. & Englebright, J. (2019). A Systems-Level Method for
Developing Nursing Informatics Solutions. JONA: The Journal of Nursing Administration, 49(11), 543–548. doi: 10.1097/NNA.0000000000000815
Pastorino, R., De Vito, C., Migliara, G., Glocker, K., Binenbaum, I., Ricciardi, W., &
Boccia, S. (2019). Benefits and challenges of Big Data in healthcare: an overview of the European initiatives. European journal of public health, 29(Supplement_3), 23–27. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckz168
Sipes, C. (2016). Project Management: Essential Skill of Nurse Informaticists. Studies in Health
Technology and Informatics, 225, 252–256.
Yakusheva, O., Weiss, M. E., Bobay, K. L., Costa, L., Hughes, R. G., Hamilton, M., Bang, J., &
Buerhaus, P. I. (2019). Individual Nurse Productivity in Preparing Patients for Discharge Is Associated With Patient Likelihood of 30-Day Return to Hospital. Medical care, 57(9), 688–694. https://doi.org/10.1097/MLR.0000000000001170

Module 3: Data-Information-Knowledge-Wisdom (DIKW) (Week 5)

Learning Objectives

Students will:

Analyze benefits, challenges, and risks of using big data in clinical systems
Recommend strategies to mitigate challenges and risks of using big data in clinical systems

Due By	Assignment
Week 5, Days 1–2	Read/Watch/Listen to the Learning Resources. Compose your initial Discussion post.
Week 5, Day 3	Post your initial Discussion post.
Week 5, Days 4-5	Review peer Discussion posts. Compose your peer Discussion responses.
Week 5, Day 6	Post at least two peer Discussion responses on two different days (and not the same day as the initial post).
Week 5, Day 7	Wrap up Discussion.

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Required Readings

McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. G. (2017). Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge (4th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Chapter 22, “Data Mining as a Research Tool” (pp. 477-493)

Chapter 24, “Bioinformatics, Biomedical Informatics, and Computational Biology” (pp. 537-551)

Glassman, K. S. (2017). Using data in nursing practice. American Nurse Today, 12(11), 45–47. Retrieved from https://www.americannursetoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/ant11-Data-1030.pdf

Thew, J. (2016, April 19). Big data means big potential, challenges for nurse execs. Retrieved from https://www.healthleadersmedia.com/nursing/big-data-means-big-potential-challenges-nurse-execs

Wang, Y., Kung, L., & Byrd, T. A. (2018). Big data analytics: Understanding its capabilities and potential benefits for healthcare organizations. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 126(1), 3–13.

Required Media

Laureate Education (Executive Producer). (2012). Data, information, knowledge and wisdom continuum [Multimedia file]. Baltimore, MD: Author. Retrieved from http://mym.cdn.laureate-media.com/2dett4d/Walden/NURS/6051/03/mm/continuum/index.html

Discussion: Big Data Risks and Rewards

When you wake in the morning, you may reach for your cell phone to reply to a few text or email messages that you missed overnight. On your drive to work, you may stop to refuel your car. Upon your arrival, you might swipe a key card at the door to gain entrance to the facility. And before finally reaching your workstation, you may stop by the cafeteria to purchase a coffee.

From the moment you wake, you are in fact a data-generation machine. Each use of your phone, every transaction you make using a debit or credit card, even your entrance to your place of work, creates data. It begs the question: How much data do you generate each day? Many studies have been conducted on this, and the numbers are staggering: Estimates suggest that nearly 1 million bytes of data are generated every second for every person on earth.

As the volume of data increases, information professionals have looked for ways to use big data—large, complex sets of data that require specialized approaches to use effectively. Big data has the potential for significant rewards—and significant risks—to healthcare. In this Discussion, you will consider these risks and rewards.

To Prepare:

Review the Resources and reflect on the web article Big Data Means Big Potential, Challenges for Nurse Execs.
Reflect on your own experience with complex health information access and management and consider potential challenges and risks you may have experienced or observed.

By Day 3 of Week 5

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Post a description of at least one potential benefit of using big data as part of a clinical system and explain why. Then, describe at least one potential challenge or risk of using big data as part of a clinical system and explain why. Propose at least one strategy you have experienced, observed, or researched that may effectively mitigate the challenges or risks of using big data you described. Be specific and provide examples.

By Day 6 of Week 5

Respond to at least two of your colleagues* on two different days, by offering one or more additional mitigation strategies or further insight into your colleagues’ assessment of big data opportunities and risks.

*Note: Throughout this program, your fellow students are referred to as colleagues.

Submission and Grading Information

NURS 5051/NURS 6051: Transforming Nursing and Healthcare Through Technology

Learning Objectives

Students will:

Analyze interactions between nurse informaticists, data/technology specialists, and other professionals in healthcare organizations
Recommend strategies to improve interactions between nurse informaticists and other professionals
Analyze how nursing informatics as a specialty and new technologies impact interactions between nurse informaticists and members of healthcare teams
Recommend nursing informatics projects to improve outcomes or efficiencies in healthcare organizations
Identify stakeholders impacted by nursing informatics projects
Analyze how nursing informatics projects improve outcomes or efficiencies in healthcare organizations
Identify technologies required for implementation of nursing informatics projects
Analyze the role of the nurse informaticist in nursing informatics project teams

Due By	Assignment
Week 3, Days 1–2	Read/Watch/Listen to the Learning Resources. Compose your initial Discussion post.
Week 3, Day 3	Post your initial Discussion post. Begin to compose your Assignment.
Week 3, Days 4-5	Review peer Discussion posts. Compose your peer Discussion responses. Continue to compose your Assignment.
Week 3, Day 6	Post at least two peer Discussion responses on two different days (and not the same day as the initial post).
Week 3, Day 7	Wrap up Discussion. Deadline to submit your Assignment.
Week 4, Days 1-6	Continue to compose your Assignment
Week 4, Day 7	Deadline to submit your Assignment

Required Readings

McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. G. (2017). Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge (4th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Chapter 25, “The Art of Caring in Technology-Laden Environments” (pp. 525–535)
Chapter 26, “Nursing Informatics and the Foundation of Knowledge” (pp. 537–551)

Mosier, S., Roberts, W. D., & Englebright, J. (2019). A Systems-Level Method for Developing Nursing Informatics Solutions: The Role of Executive Leadership. JONA: The Journal of Nursing Administration, 49(11), 543-548.

Ng, Y. C., Alexander, S., & Frith, K. H. (2018). Integration of Mobile Health Applications in Health Information Technology Initiatives: Expanding Opportunities for Nurse Participation in Population Health. CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing, 36(5), 209-213.

Sipes, C. (2016). Project management: Essential skill of nurse informaticists. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, 225, 252-256.

Discussion: Interaction Between Nurse Informaticists and Other Specialists

Nature offers many examples of specialization and collaboration. Ant colonies and bee hives are but two examples of nature’s sophisticated organizations. Each thrives because their members specialize by tasks, divide labor, and collaborate to ensure food, safety, and general well-being of the colony or hive.

Of course, humans don’t fare too badly in this regard either. And healthcare is a great example. As specialists in the collection, access, and application of data, nurse informaticists collaborate with specialists on a regular basis to ensure that appropriate data is available to make decisions and take actions to ensure the general well-being of patients.

In this Discussion, you will reflect on your own observations of and/or experiences with informaticist collaboration. You will also propose strategies for how these collaborative experiences might be improved.

To Prepare:

Review the Resources and reflect on the evolution of nursing informatics from a science to a nursing specialty.
Consider your experiences with nurse Informaticists or technology specialists within your healthcare organization.

By Day 3 of Week 3

Post a description of experiences or observations about how nurse informaticists and/or data or technology specialists interact with other professionals within your healthcare organization. Suggest at least one strategy on how these interactions might be improved. Be specific and provide examples. Then, explain the impact you believe the continued evolution of nursing informatics as a specialty and/or the continued emergence of new technologies might have on professional interactions.

By Day 6 of Week 3

Respond to at least two of your colleagues* on two different days, offering one or more additional interaction strategies in support of the examples/observations shared or by offering further insight to the thoughts shared about the future of these interactions.

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Assignment: The Impact of Nursing Informatics on Patient Outcomes and Patient Care Efficiencies

In the Discussion for this module, you considered the interaction of nurse informaticists with other specialists to ensure successful care. How is that success determined?

Patient outcomes and the fulfillment of care goals is one of the major ways that healthcare success is measured. Measuring patient outcomes results in the generation of data that can be used to improve results. Nursing informatics can have a significant part in this process and can help to improve outcomes by improving processes, identifying at-risk patients, and enhancing efficiency.

To Prepare:

Review the concepts of technology application as presented in the Resources.
Reflect on how emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence may help fortify nursing informatics as a specialty by leading to increased impact on patient outcomes or patient care efficiencies.

The Assignment: (4-5 pages not including the title and reference page)

In a 4- to 5-page project proposal written to the leadership of your healthcare organization, propose a nursing informatics project for your organization that you advocate to improve patient outcomes or patient-care efficiency. Your project proposal should include the following:

Describe the project you propose.
Identify the stakeholders impacted by this project.
Explain the patient outcome(s) or patient-care efficiencies this project is aimed at improving and explain how this improvement would occur. Be specific and provide examples.
Identify the technologies required to implement this project and explain why.
Identify the project team (by roles) and explain how you would incorporate the nurse informaticist in the project team.
Use APA format and include a title page and reference page.
Use the Safe Assign Drafts to check your match percentage before submitting your work.

By Day 7 of Week 4

Submit your completed Project Proposal.

Submission and Grading Information

To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following:

Please save your Assignment using the naming convention “WK4Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name.
Click the Week 4 Assignment Rubric to review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment.
Click the Week 4 Assignment link. You will also be able to “View Rubric” for grading criteria from this area.
Next, from the Attach File area, click on the Browse My Computer button. Find the document you saved as “WK4Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click Open.
If applicable: From the Plagiarism Tools area, click the checkbox for I agree to submit my paper(s) to the Global Reference Database.
Click on the Submit button to complete your submission.

Module 1: What Is Informatics? (Weeks 1-2)

Learning Objectives

Students will:

Analyze how data collection and access can be used to derive knowledge in a healthcare setting
Analyze the role of the nurse leader in using clinical reasoning and judgement in the formation of knowledge
Explain the role of the nurse as a knowledge worker
Explain concepts of nursing informatics
Create infographics related to nursing informatics and the role of the nurse as a knowledge worker

Due By	Assignment
Week 1, Days 1–2	Read/Watch/Listen to the Learning Resources. Compose your initial Discussion post.
Week 1, Day 3	Post your initial Discussion post. Begin to compose your Assignment.
Week 1, Days 4-5	Review peer Discussion posts. Compose your peer Discussion responses. Continue to compose your Assignment.
Week 1, Day 6	Post at least two peer Discussion responses on two different days (and not the same day as the initial post). Continue to compose your Assignment.
Week 1, Day 7	Wrap up Discussion.
Week 2, Day 1–6	Continue to compose your Assignment.
Week 2, Day 7	Deadline to submit your Assignment.

Required Readings

McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. G. (2017). Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge (4th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Chapter 1, “Nursing Science and the Foundation of Knowledge” (pp. 7–19)
Chapter 2, “Introduction to Information, Information Science, and Information Systems” (pp. 21–33)
Chapter 3, “Computer Science and the Foundation of Knowledge Model” (pp. 35–62)

Nagle, L., Sermeus, W., & Junger, A. (2017). Evolving Role of the Nursing Infomatics Specialist. In J. Murphy, W. Goosen, & P. Weber (Eds.), Forecasting Competencies for Nurses in the Future of Connected Health (212-221). Clifton, VA: IMIA and IOS Press. Retrieved from https://serval.unil.ch/resource/serval:BIB_4A0FEA56B8CB.P001/REF

Sweeney, J. (2017). Healthcare informatics. Online Journal of Nursing Informatics, 21(1).

Required Media

Laureate Education (Producer). (2018). Health Informatics and Population Health: Trends in Population Health [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

In the modern era, there are few professions that do not to some extent rely on data. Stockbrokers rely on market data to advise clients on financial matters. Meteorologists rely on weather data to forecast weather conditions, while realtors rely on data to advise on the purchase and sale of property. In these and other cases, data not only helps solve problems, but adds to the practitioner’s and the discipline’s body of knowledge.

Of course, the nursing profession also relies heavily on data. The field of nursing informatics aims to make sure nurses have access to the appropriate date to solve healthcare problems, make decisions in the interest of patients, and add to knowledge.

In this Discussion, you will consider a scenario that would benefit from access to data and how such access could facilitate both problem-solving and knowledge formation.

To Prepare:

Reflect on the concepts of informatics and knowledge work as presented in the Resources.
Consider a hypothetical scenario based on your own healthcare practice or organization that would require or benefit from the access/collection and application of data. Your scenario may involve a patient, staff, or management problem or gap.

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By Day 3 of Week 1

Post a description of the focus of your scenario. Describe the data that could be used and how the data might be collected and accessed. What knowledge might be derived from that data? How would a nurse leader use clinical reasoning and judgment in the formation of knowledge from this experience?

By Day 6 of Week 1

Respond to at least two of your colleagues* on two different days, asking questions to help clarify the scenario and application of data, or offering additional/alternative ideas for the application of nursing informatics principles.

*Note: Throughout this program, your fellow students are referred to as colleagues.

Submission and Grading Information

Grading Criteria

To access your rubric:

Week 1 Discussion Rubric

Post by Day 3 and Respond by Day 6 of Week 1

To participate in this Discussion:

Week 1 Discussion

Assignment: The Nurse Leader as Knowledge Worker

The term “knowledge worker” was first coined by management consultant and author Peter Drucker in his book, The Landmarks of Tomorrow (1959). Drucker defined knowledge workers as high-level workers who apply theoretical and analytical knowledge, acquired through formal training, to develop products and services. Does this sound familiar?

Nurses are very much knowledge workers. What has changed since Drucker’s time are the ways that knowledge can be acquired. The volume of data that can now be generated and the tools used to access this data have evolved significantly in recent years and helped healthcare professionals (among many others) to assume the role of knowledge worker in new and powerful ways.

In this Assignment, you will consider the evolving role of the nurse leader and how this evolution has led nurse leaders to assume the role of knowledge worker. You will prepare a PowerPoint presentation with an infographic (graphic that visually represents information, data, or knowledge. Infographics are intended to present information quickly and clearly.) to educate others on the role of nurse as knowledge worker.

Reference: Drucker, P. (1959). The landmarks of tomorrow. New York, NY: HarperCollins Publishers.

To Prepare:

Review the concepts of informatics as presented in the Resources.
Reflect on the role of a nurse leader as a knowledge worker.
Consider how knowledge may be informed by data that is collected/accessed.

The Assignment:

Explain the concept of a knowledge worker.
Define and explain nursing informatics and highlight the role of a nurse leader as a knowledge worker.
Include one slide that visually represents the role of a nurse leader as knowledge worker.
Your PowerPoint should Include the hypothetical scenario you originally shared in the Discussion Forum. Include your examination of the data that you could use, how the data might be accessed/collected, and what knowledge might be derived from that data. Be sure to incorporate feedback received from your colleagues’ responses.

Discussion: The Application of Data to Problem-Solving

In the modern era, there are few professions that do not to some extent rely on data. Stockbrokers rely on market data to advise clients on financial matters. Meteorologists rely on weather data to forecast weather conditions, while realtors rely on data to advise on the purchase and sale of property. In these and other cases, data not only helps solve problems, but adds to the practitioner’s and the discipline’s body of knowledge.

In this Discussion, you will consider a scenario that would benefit from access to data and how such access could facilitate both problem-solving and knowledge formation.

To Prepare:

Reflect on the concepts of informatics and knowledge work as presented in the Resources.
Consider a hypothetical scenario based on your own healthcare practice or organization that would require or benefit from the access/collection and application of data. Your scenario may involve a patient, staff, or management problem or gap.

Assignment: Policy/Regulation Fact Sheet

FREE SAMPLE PAPER HERE

Discussion: The Inclusion of Nurses in the Systems Development Life Cycle

Portfolio Assignment: The Role of the Nurse Informaticist in Systems Development and Implementation

By Day 7 of Week 10

Submission and Grading Information

Introduction

Annotated Bibliography

Conclusion

Learning Objectives

Students will:

Learning Resources

Discussion: Healthcare Information Technology Trends

By Day 3 of Week 6

Assignment: Literature Review: The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies

Sample Paper

The Impact of Nursing Informatics on Patient Outcomes and Patient Care Efficiencies

Nursing Informatics Project

Stakeholders

Patient Outcomes and Patient Care Efficiencies

Technology

Project Team Roles

Learning Objectives

Students will:

Discussion: Big Data Risks and Rewards

By Day 3 of Week 5

By Day 6 of Week 5

Submission and Grading Information

Learning Objectives

Students will:

Required Readings

Discussion: Interaction Between Nurse Informaticists and Other Specialists

By Day 3 of Week 3

By Day 6 of Week 3

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Assignment: The Impact of Nursing Informatics on Patient Outcomes and Patient Care Efficiencies

Learning Objectives

Required Readings

Required Media

By Day 3 of Week 1

By Day 6 of Week 1

Submission and Grading Information

Grading Criteria

Post by Day 3 and Respond by Day 6 of Week 1

Assignment: The Nurse Leader as Knowledge Worker

The Assignment:

Discussion: The Application of Data to Problem-Solving

To Prepare:

Reflect on the concepts of informatics and knowledge work as presented in the Resources.

Consider a hypothetical scenario based on your own healthcare practice or organization that would require or benefit from the access/collection and application of data. Your scenario may involve a patient, staff, or management problem or gap.

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